Jade History of the Qin and Han Dynasties

The history of the jade articles of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Qin Dynasty and the Six Kingdoms, the first three generations of ritual system, jade system and jade objects are all useless, except for jade, the imperial court is not necessary to use jade, jade in the Qin can be described as a period of decline. Until the late Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Yi made the Western Region, opened up the "Silk Road", and communicated the exchange of Eastern and Western cultures, which greatly affected the spiritual life of the Eastern people. On the basis of the clear and refined, free and romantic of the Chu culture jade, it is a unique and unconstrained style that is unique to the Han Dynasty jade. At this time, the round carvings and high relief works in the jade were obviously increased, and hollow objects and large ornaments were successively released. Pattern decoration can be divided into two major types of geometric patterns and animal prints. The geometric lines are most common in grain, scaly, vortex and moiré; animal lines mainly include: dragon, bird, animal, scorpion, tiger, etc., and there are animal prints for the sale, and jade carving for later generations. The direction of development has a certain impact.

After the Han Dynasty, the phenomenon of making rituals with jade was less, and it was more emphasis on decoration and funeral. The large number of cockroaches in the jade were shaped like scorpions, taking the meaning of their high drinking and not eating. According to "Historical Records Qu Yuan Chuan", "Oh, 蜕 秽 秽 秽 秽 秽 秽 秽 秽 秽 秽 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮 浮It will fly to the sky again, and it is an auspicious insect that connects with the sky from the bottom up. Take 蝉 as a shackle, in order to seek for the dead to become crouching, and then regenerate. As a jade, the shape is simple and concise, and the knife is straight and ancient. A cockroach can be done with only eight knives, and it is called "Han Ba ​​Knife" by the jade industry. In addition, there are also jade dolphins.

The more prominent image of the jade carvings of the Han Dynasty is Yu Wenzhong and Yu Dancers. Yu Wenzhong is generally a round-shaped waist-like waist with a finger-like shape. It is perforated in the waist of the character, and the shape is sleek and sleek. The facial features are only short and inscribed, and the lines of the clothes are smooth and simple. Only 8 is used. The 12 knives clearly outline the outline. Yu Wenzhong does not refer to the image of an old man, but a young and handsome scholar. However, the imitation of the later generations, as the name suggests, is like an old man. The jade dancers are long-sleeved, wide-sleeved, waist-waisted, and have a sleeve over the head. They are c-shaped or s-shaped. They are graceful, graceful, and moderately proportioned. They are mostly flaky in the form of double-sided white, occasionally three-dimensional. . The skirts and sleeves of the jade dancers are vivid and natural, the lines are extremely simple, and the face is condensed and charming. There are many kinds of characters in the Han Dynasty, such as men, women and children, but the technique is more abstract and single, and the style is the same.

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