The inheritance and innovation of Hetian Yuyangzhou workers

"Jade, the beauty of the stone", this is Xu Shen's definition of jade in "Said Wen Jie Zi". Professor Lee Joseph, a British scientist and historian, once wrote in the book "The History of Science and Technology in China", "The hobby of jade can be said to be one of the characteristics of Chinese culture." Many people believe that as one of the ancient civilizations of the world China, an important symbol of its civilization is jade.

a long-standing jade culture

What is jade, what is jade? What kind of relationship is jade and jade? This is a question constantly raised in the development of Chinese jade culture. Looking at the historical data, we can find that "Jade" has a very rich historical deposit in China. The ancestors of the southern Hemudu culture, seven thousand years ago, consciously made beautiful stones into decorations during the process of selecting stone implements. They were not only used to dress themselves, but also to beautify life. This seemingly simple and unintentional act was unveiled. The prelude to Chinese jade culture was opened.

In the middle and late Neolithic Ages four or five thousand years ago, Saitama has been separated from the stone industry and become an independent handicraft industry. Among them, the jade wares from the Liangzhu culture in the Taihu Lake Basin and the Hongshan culture in the Liaohe River Basin are the most eye-catching.

In China, not only does the mining of jade take a long time, but the jade mine is widely distributed and rich in reserves. According to the Shan Hai Jing, there are more than 200 places in China for jade production. Some jade mines have been exploited for thousands of years and are still being exploited in large quantities, providing an inexhaustible source of raw materials for the advancement of Chinese jade carving art.

Chinese ancient jade has a long history and profound influence. The history, politics, culture and art of jade and Chinese nation are closely related. It even affects the concepts and customs of the Chinese nation for generations and Chinese history. The system of rules and regulations of each generation.

"Hetian jade, Yangzhou workers"

“Jade is not awkward, not a device.” As one of the main producing areas of jade in China, Yangyu has a long history.

Guan Shijun, a non-legacy expert from Yangzhou, told reporters that "Hetian jade, Yangzhou workers" has become a popular word in the jade industry and the public for a long time.

The reporter learned that the development of Yangzhou jade can be traced back to the Neolithic Age. "Yangzhou Gaoyou Longjing Neolithic Age Site unearthed jade, jade, jade pipes, etc. The history of Yangzhou jade crafts can be traced back to 5,300 years ago."

Throughout the development of Yangzhou jade carving art, Yangzhou jade carving has formed its own artistic style as early as the Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou jade carving began to expand its application range, among which “carved jade households” was the most prominent. Guan Shijun told reporters that in the 12th year of Tang Tianbao (AD 753), when the Tang Dynasty Gaochun Dongdu Fusang, not only brought a lot of jade articles from Yangzhou, but also accompanied by Master Yu Yu, this also made the promotion of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. An important contribution. In the Song Dynasty, Yangzhou jade began to develop in the direction of furnishings, not only in variety, but also in fine carving.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Yangzhou Jade Carvings had the production of mountain carvings, which were characterized by simple shapes and bright lines. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, especially during the Qianlong period, Yangzhou has become the national jade carving production center. "For example, the Qingyu Mountain sculptures in the Palace Museum, "Dayu Water Control Map" and "Huichang Jiu Lao Tu" and "Akiyama Travel Map" are all in Yangzhou carved and formed." Guan Shijun said.

In modern times, Yangzhou jade carving figures, utensils, flowers, birds, animals and other categories are complete, skilled, especially Yangzhou Shanzi carving is unique, a variety of techniques integrated into a unique style. The white jade "Pagoda Furnace" displayed in the China Arts and Crafts Museum, the jade mountain "Juzhen Map", the white jade "Da Qianfo National Figure" and other treasures are all from Yangzhou.

Guan Shijun told reporters that in the historical development of thousands of years, "Yangzhou jade carving gradually formed a local character with richness, mellowness, elegance, exquisiteness and spirituality, and became the main genre of Chinese jade carving. It has produced a great history in the history of Chinese jade carving. Influence and occupy a prominent position."

Today, jade carving is still one of the main varieties of Yangzhou sculpture crafts production, and it has become "an extremely heavy intangible cultural heritage" in Yangzhou. Most of the jade articles produced in Yangzhou come from Yangzhou Jade Factory, the only surviving jade production state-owned enterprise in this industry.

Inheritance and innovation

In Yangzhou, Ma Zhenzhong, the craftsman of Yangzhou Jadeware Factory, is proud to be “we are a company that can make all kinds of jade articles”. Ma Zhenzhong told reporters that the jade factory has been established for several decades. Although the enterprise has undergone changes in the development of the times, in the process of producing jade, not only the excellent part of the traditional craft has been inherited, but also the breakthrough in innovation. There are two aspects to innovation: on the one hand, the creative concept, and on the other hand, the engraving process. In the previous year, a jade pot produced in our factory was carved out by the computer engraving machine, which is a traditional hand-held engraving tool. Innovation, so that the drill bit bypasses the spout, which was unimaginable in the past, is the innovation of the engraving process. But generally we emphasize the innovation of the creative concept, such as this product, the former designers are designed without a pot The height of the mouth or spout is lower than the height of the pot shaft, but with the new tools, our designer's creative space has expanded." For the jade carving industry, the new ideas can promote the healthy development of the industry.

According to media reports, since 2006, with the depletion of Hetian jade seed material, the state has issued relevant policies to protect the environment and prohibit large excavators from entering riverbed mining. The output of Hetian jade seed material has been greatly reduced. Under such a background, Yangzhou City proposed to cherish the slogan of protecting jade resources. In response to this call, in 2005, the jade factory invested 8 million yuan to establish the Yangzhou Jade Art Museum and the Jade Culture Exhibition Center. In 2010, Yangzhou Jade Factory invested another 12 million yuan to build the Yangzhou Jade Museum.

In the Yangzhou Jade Museum, we can not only see the works of five Chinese arts and crafts masters such as Gu Yongjun, Jiang Chunyuan, Gao Yijin, Xue Chunmei and Shen Jianyuan from Yangzhou Jadeware Factory, but also the works of many other masters. Ma Zhenzhong said, "The jade museum tree is there, in fact, the cultural and artistic dream trees of the masters of arts and crafts are there. Why didn't you see a museum reflecting the history and culture of local jade in other parts of China? Besides the art that Yangzhou jade itself can achieve Height, there is also the love of jade in Yangzhou people's bones, the cherished tradition, and the sense of responsibility for inheritance."

Jade itself is a special carrier. In the history of the development of jade culture, it has experienced a period from “religious culture” to “imperial culture” to today’s “folk culture”. Many people think that this is the culture and art that always adheres to the trend of the times. As a result of continuous derivation, while meeting the spiritual pursuits of the contemporary people and adapting to the society, some things in the tradition will slowly be lost.

Ma Zhenzhong also has concerns. He told reporters, "Because of the lifestyle and aesthetic appeal of modern people, the jade jewelry market is very prosperous. In the economically developed cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, etc., one can sell the price of the game to 100. Ten thousand yuan is equivalent to the price of a jade ornament made by our factory. The red fire and high profit of the jade jewelry market will naturally make the local practitioners lack the passion for the creation of traditional jade varieties. In recent years, the traditional jade varieties are not good, especially It is rare for traditional flower and bird jade. Some of the traditional things are easy to lose, and it is difficult to find it again."

But Ma Zhenzhong and his colleagues are gratified that "At the Yangzhou Jade Factory, you can see a lot of jade carving traditions." Ma Zhenzhong told reporters, "'The teacher is not muddy', 'seeking new and not new 'It is the development concept of every Yangzhou jade person."

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